Use this catalog to identify pose estimators, video encoders, and lightweight detectors suitable for figure skating pipelines. Each entry summarises strengths, release cadence, and recommended integration patterns.

Element Detection & Classification

Systems that identify jumps, spins, and choreographic sequences from broadcast or practice footage, often powering judging review workflows.

Keyframe-TSN (Liu et al.)

2019

Temporal segment network fine-tuned on keyframes to classify jump and spin elements from broadcast footage.

Primary tasks
Element detection, Element classification
Modalities
RGB video
Frameworks
PyTorch
Availability
research

PoseTSN (Tanaka et al.)

2021

Two-stage pipeline combining 2D/3D pose estimation with a temporal segmentation network for element boundaries.

Primary tasks
Element detection, Phase segmentation
Modalities
RGB video, 3D pose sequences
Frameworks
PyTorch, TensorFlow
Availability
research

AlphaPose-GCN / Pr-VIPE (Chen et al.)

2022

Pipeline that lifts AlphaPose skeletons into temporal graphs or probabilistic VIPE embeddings for figure skating element recognition.

Primary tasks
Element classification, Element detection
Modalities
RGB video, 2D pose keypoints
Frameworks
PyTorch
Availability
research

RGB-Skeleton Fusion (Liu et al.)

2022

Multimodal network blending RGB features with pose trajectories for robust element spotting under occlusion.

Primary tasks
Element detection, Element classification
Modalities
RGB video, 2D pose keypoints
Frameworks
PyTorch
Availability
research

FS-Jump3D Pose Estimator (Tanaka et al.)

2023

Depth-aware pose estimator trained on FS-Jump3D motion capture to recover 3D joint coordinates from monocular broadcast.

Primary tasks
3D pose estimation, Element detection
Modalities
RGB video, 3D pose sequences
Frameworks
PyTorch
Availability
research

RTMPose

2023

Real-time 2D keypoint detector tuned for low-latency figure skating edge and take-off detection.

Primary tasks
2D pose estimation, Real-time inference
Modalities
RGB video
Frameworks
PyTorch
Availability
open-source

MotionBERT

2023

Hierarchical transformer that models long-range pose dependencies for more stable spin and step-sequence tracking.

Primary tasks
3D pose estimation, Keypoint smoothing
Modalities
RGB video
Frameworks
PyTorch
Availability
open-source

Jump Mechanics Analysis

Research pipelines that break down rotations, airtime, and landing forces, blending sensors with computer vision for athlete safety and training insights.

Hybrid Jump Dynamics (Tanaka et al. 2023)

2023

Sensor-fusion pipeline combining monocular broadcast video with body-mounted IMUs to recover jump rotations and airtime.

Primary tasks
Jump mechanics, Rotation analysis, Impact estimation
Modalities
RGB video, IMU sensors, 3D pose sequences
Frameworks
PyTorch, MATLAB
Availability
research

Multi-Camera Jump Analyzer (2022)

2022

Synchronized rink-side camera array estimating jump trajectories, landing zones, and clearance for training facilities.

Primary tasks
Jump mechanics, Trajectory reconstruction, Coach tooling
Modalities
Multi-camera video, 3D pose sequences
Frameworks
OpenCV, PyTorch
Availability
research

Under-rotation Monitor (UR Monitor)

2021

Brigham Young University system that flags potential under-rotations by tracking blade yaw and flight angle in near real-time.

Primary tasks
Jump mechanics, Rotation analysis, Coach tooling
Modalities
RGB video, IMU sensors
Frameworks
MATLAB, Python
Availability
research

MediaPipe Edge Discriminator (Chen et al. 2025)

2025

Automated blade edge classification pipeline using MediaPipe pose geometry and curated blade angle heuristics.

Primary tasks
Jump mechanics, Edge analysis, Element validation
Modalities
RGB video, 2D pose keypoints, Audio cues
Frameworks
TensorFlow
Availability
research

PoseFormerV2

2023

Transformer-based 3D pose estimation model with strong temporal reasoning, ideal for jump and spin kinematics.

Primary tasks
3D pose estimation, Motion reconstruction
Modalities
RGB video
Frameworks
PyTorch
Availability
open-source

Edge & Turn Recognition

Algorithms focused on differentiating flats, inside/outside edges, and intricate turn sequences that influence scoring and calls.

MediaPipe Edge Discriminator (Chen et al. 2025)

2025

Automated blade edge classification pipeline using MediaPipe pose geometry and curated blade angle heuristics.

Primary tasks
Jump mechanics, Edge analysis, Element validation
Modalities
RGB video, 2D pose keypoints, Audio cues
Frameworks
TensorFlow
Availability
research

Hybrid Jump Dynamics (Tanaka et al. 2023)

2023

Sensor-fusion pipeline combining monocular broadcast video with body-mounted IMUs to recover jump rotations and airtime.

Primary tasks
Jump mechanics, Rotation analysis, Impact estimation
Modalities
RGB video, IMU sensors, 3D pose sequences
Frameworks
PyTorch, MATLAB
Availability
research

Supporting Backbones & Tooling

Foundational pose backbones and encoders that pair with the specialised systems above.

VideoMAE v2

2023

Masked autoencoder backbone for video that delivers strong general-purpose features for figure skating element discovery.

Primary tasks
Representation learning, Element classification
Modalities
RGB video
Frameworks
PyTorch
Availability
open-source